NAME

Give-and-take or term used for identification by an external observer

Names of places (toponyms) on a route sign indicating their management in Bali, Republic of indonesia

A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a form or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or inside a given context. The entity identified by a proper name is called its referent. A personal proper name identifies, not necessarily uniquely, a specific individual man. The name of a specific entity is sometimes called a proper name (although that term has a philosophical meaning every bit well) and is, when consisting of only one give-and-take, a proper noun. Other nouns are sometimes called "common names" or (obsolete) "full general names". A proper name can be given to a person, place, or matter; for example, parents can give their child a proper noun or a scientist tin can requite an chemical element a proper name.

Etymology

The word proper name comes from Former English nama; cognate with Old High German (OHG) namo, Sanskrit नामन् (nāman), Latin nomen, Greek ὄνομα (onoma), and Persian نام (nâm), from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *h₁nómn̥.^[one] Outside Indo-European, it tin can exist connected to Proto-Uralic *nime.

Naming conventions

A naming convention is a prepare of agreed, stipulated, or mostly accepted standards, norms, social norms, or criteria for naming things.

Parents may follow a naming convention when selecting names for their children. Some have called alphabetical names by nascence order. In some E Asian cultures it is common for ane syllable in a two-syllable given proper noun to be a generation name which is the same for immediate siblings. In many cultures it is common for the son to be named afterward the father or a granddaddy. In certain African cultures, such every bit in Republic of cameroon, the eldest son gets the family unit name for his given name. In other cultures, the name may include the identify of residence, or the place of nativity. The Roman naming convention denotes social rank.

Major naming conventions include:

Astronomical naming conventions
In biology, binomial classification
In chemistry, chemic nomenclature
In classics, Roman naming conventions
In computer programming, identifier naming conventions
In computer networking, reckoner naming schemes
Planetary nomenclature in planetary scientific discipline
In sciences mostly, systematic names for a variety of things

Products may follow a naming convention. Automobiles typically accept a binomial name, a "make" (manufacturer) and a "model", in addition to a model year, such as a 2007 Chevrolet Corvette. Sometimes there is a name for the car'south "decoration level" or "trim line" also: east.thou., Cadillac Escalade EXT Platinum, after the precious metal. Computers often accept increasing numbers in their names to signify the next generation.

Courses at schools typically follow a naming convention: an abbreviation for the subject surface area and and then a number ordered by increasing level of difficulty.

Many numbers (due east.thou., bank accounts, government IDs, credit cards, etc.) are not random simply have an internal construction and convention. Virtually all organizations that assign names or numbers will follow some convention in generating these identifiers. Airline flight numbers, Space Shuttle flight numbers, even phone numbers all have an internal convention.

Personal name

A signature is a person's own handwritten name

A personal name is an identifying word or words past which an individual is intimately known or designated.^[2] In many countries, information technology is traditional for individuals to have a personal proper noun (likewise called a given name or offset name) and a surname (also chosen a last name or family unit name considering information technology is shared by members of the same family).^[three] Some people have 2 surnames, one inherited from each parent. In almost of Europe and the Americas, the given name typically comes before the surname, whereas in parts of Asia and Hungary the surname comes before the given name. In some cultures it is traditional for a woman to take her husband'due south surname when she gets married.

A mutual practice in many countries is patronym which means that a component of a personal name is based on the given proper name of 1'south male parent. A less common exercise in countries is matronym which means that a component of a personal name is based on the given name of one'south mother. In some East Asian cultures, it is traditional for given names to include a generation name, a syllable shared between siblings and cousins of the same generation.

Middle names are also used by many people equally a third identifier, and can be called for personal reasons including signifying relationships, preserving pre-marital/maiden names (a pop practice in the United states of america), and to perpetuate family names. The practice of using middle names dates back to ancient Rome, where it was common for members of the elite to have a praenomen (a personal name), a nomen (a family name, not exactly used the manner middle names are used today), and a cognomen (a name representing an individual attribute or the specific co-operative of a person's family).^[4] Middle names eventually savage out of employ, but regained popularity in Europe during the nineteenth century.^[iv]

Besides starting time, middle, and last names, individuals may likewise have nicknames, aliases, or titles. Nicknames are breezy names used by friends or family to refer to a person ("Chris" may exist used as a brusk form of the personal name "Christopher"). A person may cull to use an alias, or a imitation name, instead of their real name, perchance to protect or obscure their identity. People may also take titles designating their function in an institution or profession (members of royal families may use diverse terms such as King, Queen, Duke, or Duchess to signify their positions of authority or their relation to the throne).^[3]

Names of names

In onomastic terminology, personal names of men are called andronyms (from Ancient Greek ἀνήρ / man, and ὄνομα / proper noun),^[5] while personal names of women are chosen gynonyms (from Aboriginal Greek γυνή / woman, and ὄνομα / proper noun).^[half-dozen]

Names of humans (anthroponyms)
Name of ...	Name of name
Total name of a person	Personal name
Outset name of a person	Given name
Family unit proper noun	Surname
Residents of a locality	Demonym
Indigenous group	Ethnonym
Simulated or assumed proper noun	Pseudonym
Pseudonym of an author	Pen name
Pseudonym of a performer	Stage name
Other names	-onym-suffixed words

Names of non-human being entities
Proper name of a...	Name of name
Any geographical object	Toponym
Body of h2o	Hydronym
Mountain or hill	Oronym
Region or state	Choronym
Any inhabited locality	Econym
Hamlet	Comonym
Town or city	Astionym
Cosmic object	Cosmonym
Star	Astronym
Other names	-onym-suffixed words

Brand names

Developing a name for a brand or product is heavily influenced by marketing enquiry and strategy to exist appealing and marketable. The brand proper noun is often a neologism or pseudoword, such equally Kodak or Sony.

Religious names

Two charts from an Arabic copy of the Secretum Secretorum for determining whether a person volition live or die based on the numerical value of the patient's name.

In the ancient globe, particularly in the ancient virtually-east (Israel, Mesopotamia, Arab republic of egypt, Persia) names were thought to be extremely powerful and deed, in some ways, equally a split manifestation of a person or deity.^[7] This viewpoint is responsible both for the reluctance to use the proper proper noun of God in Hebrew writing or speech, as well as the mutual understanding in aboriginal magic that magical rituals had to be carried out "in [someone'south] proper noun". Past invoking a god or spirit by name, one was thought to exist able to summon that spirit'southward ability for some kind of miracle or magic (run across Luke 9:49, in which the disciples claim to have seen a man driving out demons using the proper name of Jesus). This understanding passed into after religious tradition, for example the stipulation in Cosmic exorcism that the demon cannot exist expelled until the exorcist has forced it to give upward its name, at which point the name may be used in a stern command which volition bulldoze the demon away.

Biblical names

In the Old Testament, the names of individuals are meaningful, and a change of name indicates a change of condition. For example, the patriarch Abram and his wife Sarai were renamed "Abraham" and "Sarah" at the institution of the Abrahamic covenant (Genesis 17:four, 17:xv). Simon was renamed Peter when he was given the Keys to Heaven. This is recounted in the Gospel of Matthew chapter 16, which according to Roman Cosmic teaching^[8] was when Jesus promised to Saint Peter the power to take binding actions.^[9] Proper names are "saturated with meaning".^[10]

Throughout the Bible, characters are given names at nascency that reflect something of significance or draw the course of their lives. For instance: Solomon meant peace,^[xi] and the king with that name was the outset whose reign was without war.^[12] Also, Joseph named his firstborn son Manasseh (Hebrew: "causing to forget")(Genesis 41:51); when Joseph likewise said, "God has made me forget all my troubles and everyone in my father's family." Biblical Jewish people did not have surnames which were passed from generation to generation. Even so, they were typically known as the child of their father. For example: דוד בן ישי (David ben Yishay) meaning, David, son of Jesse (1 Samuel 17:12,58). Today, this fashion of proper name is still used in Jewish religious rites.

Indian name

Indian names are based on a multifariousness of systems and naming conventions, which vary from region to region. Names are likewise influenced by religion and degree and may come from epics. India's population speaks a wide diverseness of languages and nearly every major religion in the globe has a post-obit in India. This variety makes for subtle, often confusing, differences in names and naming styles. Due to historical Indian cultural influences, several names across South and Southeast Asia are influenced past or adjusted from Indian names or words.

For some Indians, their birth name is different from their official proper name; the birth proper noun starts with a randomly selected proper noun from the person's horoscope (based on the nakshatra or lunar mansion corresponding to the person'south birth).

Many children are given 3 names, sometimes every bit a part of religious education.

Quranic names (Arabic names)

We can see many Arabic names in the Quran and in Muslim people, such as Allah, Muhammad, Khwaja, Ismail, Mehboob, Suhelahmed, Shoheb Ameena, Aaisha, Sameena, Rumana, Swaleha, etc. The names Mohammed and Ahmed are the same, for example Suhel Ahmad or Mohammad Suhel are the aforementioned. At that place are many similar names in Islam and Christianity, such every bit Yosef (Islamic)/Joseph (Christian), Adam/Adam, Dawood/David, Rumana/Romana, Maryam/Mary, Nuh/Noah, etc.

Name use by animals

The apply of personal names is not unique to humans. Dolphins^[13] and dark-green-rumped parrotlets^[fourteen] also employ symbolic names to address contact calls to specific individuals. Individual dolphins accept distinctive signature whistles, to which they will reply even when there is no other information to clarify which dolphin is being referred to.

References

^ "Online Etymology Lexicon". Archived from the original on 2008-09-28. Retrieved 2008-09-20 . ; The asterisk before a word indicates that it is a hypothetical construction, not an attested grade.
^ "personal name". Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
^ ^a ^b "General words for names, and types of name". macmillandictionary.com. Macmillan Dictionary. Retrieved xviii June 2018.
^ ^a ^b Fabry, Merrill (Baronial 16, 2016). "Now You lot Know: Why Exercise Nosotros Have Eye Names?" (spider web article). Time.com. Time. Retrieved eighteen June 2018.
^ Room 1996, p. 6.
^ Barolini 2005, p. 91, 98.
^ "Egyptian Religion", E. A. Wallis Budge", Arkana 1987 edition, ISBN 0-14-019017-one
^ Canon of the Cosmic Church building, para 881: "The episcopal college and its head, the Pope" Archived 2010-09-06 at the Wayback Machine
^ The Routledge Companion to the Christian Church past Gerard Mannion and Lewis S. Mudge (Jan thirty, 2008) ISBN 0415374200 folio 235
^ Baruch Hochman, Character in Literature (Cornell University Printing, 1985), 37.
^ Campbell, Mike. "Significant, origin and history of the proper name Solomon". Behind the Name . Retrieved 2018-12-27 .
^ "Solomon, the Rex". www.dawnbible.com . Retrieved 2018-12-27 .
^ "Dolphins Proper name Themselves With Whistles, Written report Says". National Geographic News. May 8, 2006. Archived from the original on November xiv, 2006.
^ Berg, Karl South.; Delgado, Soraya; Okawa, Rae; Beissinger, Steven R.; Bradbury, Jack West. (2011-01-01). "Contact calls are used for individual mate recognition in free-ranging green-rumped parrotlets, Forpus passerinus". Creature Behaviour. 81 (one): 241–248. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.ten.012. ISSN 0003-3472. S2CID 42150361.

Sources

Barolini, Teodolinda, ed. (2005). Medieval Constructions in Gender And Identity: Essays in Honour of Joan M. Ferrante. Tempe: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. ISBN9780866983372.
Bruck, Gabriele vom; Bodenhorn, Barbara, eds. (2009) [2006]. An Anthropology of Names and Naming (second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Academy Press.
Fraser, Peter M. (2000). "Ethnics as Personal Names". Greek Personal Names: Their Value as Testify (PDF). Oxford: Oxford Academy Printing. pp. 149–157.
Roberts, Michael (2017). "The Semantics of Demonyms in English". The Semantics of Nouns. Oxford: Oxford Academy Press. pp. 205–220. ISBN978-0-xix-873672-i.
Room, Adrian (1996). An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies. Lanham and London: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN9780810831698.

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to Name .

Wikimedia Commons has media related to names.

Lexicon of Greek Personal Names, Oxford (over 35,000 published names)
Behind The Name, The etymology of first names
The Name Tradition In The Christian Culture
Kate Monk's Onomastikon Names over the earth throughout the history
"Name". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.

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